Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) is a common condition affecting children, characterized by an allergic reaction to proteins found in cow’s milk. While CMPA can be challenging, understanding its key aspects is crucial for effective management. Here, we’ll delve into the important details of CMPA:
- Diverse Triggers: CMPA is associated with over 300 food items, with more than 170 known for IgE-mediated allergies. The top three allergens are milk, egg, and peanuts, but others like fish, almond, and wheat can also trigger reactions.
- The Cow’s Milk Composition: Cow’s milk comprises 80% casein and 20% whey proteins. It’s these proteins that can induce allergic reactions in some children.
- Prevalence: CMPA affects approximately 1.9% to 4.9% of children. Most cases are observed within the first year of life, with encouraging news that 90% of affected children recover by the age of 2, and 95-98% by 3 years old. However, 0.4% may continue to have CMPA throughout their lives.
- Diagnosis: Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical observation. In addition to clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests like IgE antibody levels, sigmoidoscopy with biopsy, and milk challenge tests may be performed to confirm the condition.
- Management: For infants suspected of CMPA under 6 months of age, a diet elimination strategy in the breastfeeding mother is recommended. For older children, hydrolyzed and amino acid-based formulas are often used as suitable alternatives.
- Differential Diagnosis: It’s important to distinguish CMPA from lactose intolerance, as both can share similar symptoms. Clinical features and specific tests help in making an accurate diagnosis.
In conclusion, CMPA is a common food allergy in children, often seen in the first years of life. While most children outgrow it, proper diagnosis and management are essential to ensure the well-being of affected children. If you suspect CMPA in your child, consult a healthcare professional for guidance tailored to your child’s specific needs.
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